Performance Analysis of HE Methods for Low Contrast Images

AbstractThe image enhancement is one of the important issues in image processing. The main purpose is to highlight certain characteristic of image such as: contrast, sharpening. Histogram equalization is the well-known method for image enhancement. Histogram equalization became a popular technique because it is simple and effective. However Histogram equalization cause excessive contrast enhancement which cause visual artifacts of processed image. In this paper new forms of histogram equalization are overviewed to overcome this drawback. The major difference among the methods is the way to divide the input histogram. Recursive exposure based sub-image histogram equalization (R_ESIHE) use average intensity value as the separating point. Median-mean based sub-image clipped histogram equalization (MMSICHE) and Quadrants dynamic histogram equalization for contrast enhancement (QDHE) use median intensity value as separating point. Here objective parameters are Peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and Absolute Mean Brightness Error (AMBE)used to compare the quality of enhancement

A Study on Genotoxic Potential of Acephate in Clarias batrachus

Acephate is an insecticide made up of organophosphates. It is applied to food crops, citrus trees, on golf courses, in commercial or institutional buildings, and as a seed treatment. Products containing acephate can be purchased as tablets, liquids, granules, powders, and water-soluble packs. Acephate 75% brand name-Asataf insecticide manufactured by TATA RALLIS was used for the test. The solvent used was glass double distilled (g.d.d.) water. Fresh water catfish    Clarias batrachus were collected from local water bodies of Cuttack district. All the fishes were acclimatized for fifteen days in laboratory aquaria containing 30L dechlorinated tap water prior to the initiation of the experiment. The peripheral blood smear slides were prepared from the blood collected by caudal incision in accordance with Al-Sabti (1986) and Das and Nanda (1986) with some modifications which were prepared animals were sacrificed after 24, 48 and 72 hours of Exposure and were used for each treatment group in both types of administrations (IP and dermal). The increased concentration of acephate directly affects our biological fish sample i.e. Clarias batrachus. Acephate is causing serious problems in fish as per our genotoxicity study of acephate on Clarias batrachus. Clarias batrachus is a commonly found fish species in fresh water habitat which includes ponds, ditches, wetlands and rice fields of India specially in Odisha.The irrational use of pesticides containing acephate in agriculture cause harmful effects on Clarias batrachus, which is a most important species of fish for maintaining the aquatic diversity

Growth of Open Access Literature on Library and Information Science during 2011-2020: A Scientometrics Analysis

In this study, we attempted to analyse the quantitative growth of open access publications on library and information science education research. The literature data obtained from Scopus database and scientometrics methods were deployed to analyse the publications originated during 2011-2020. The study shows that open access papers on Library and information science education (LIS) has grown expontially and significant amount of research papers published by both academics and working professionals. Scientometric study of the research on Scopus indexed open access Library and information science (LIS) journals is essential to investigate the existing literature to identify a suitable theory for new research. This study retrieved 8380 research papers and 25661 citations from SCOPUS also find 2019 is the most productive year with 1642 papers and 2321 citations. USA accounted for the highest number of publications with 2166 papers. The degree of collaboration (DC) for ten years was 0.634. USA and Canada are the most collaboration with 24 papers. “Library Philosophy and Practice” is the favourite source for researcher as it has published the highest number of papers totalling 3151 and 3932 citations. Further it has been found that information literacy, bibliometrics, academic libraries, scientometrics, open access and citation analysis are the emerging areas of research in this domain

Assessment of Water Quality of Mahanadi and It\u27s Tributary Katha Jodi River, Cuttack District, Odisha

For all living things, water is one of the most important sources. Despite being a renewable resource, clean water scarcity is a major problem in many regions of the world. We require water for a variety of things, including food production, personal hygiene, electrical generation, fire control, and most importantly, survival. Nine sampling stations were chosen at various locations along the Mahanadi and its tributary, the Katha Jodi River, in the Cuttack area (S1-S9). To collect a tiny amount of water from the water source for water analysis and to look at the physico-chemical components that are present in the water, sampling is done. Our study sites\u27 dissolved oxygen concentrations range from 3.9 to 5.8 mg/lit, and the water samples from all of the sites are only mildly alkaline. All study sites have alkalinities below 150 mg/lit, ranging from 129 mg/lit to 162 mg/lit. All of the study sites\u27 water conductivities are within the typical range of river water, or 200 to 1000 mhos/cm. All of the study locations, with the exception of our study sites 1 and 2, have high nitrate levels of greater than 100 mg/lit. Our study sites had phosphate concentrations between 0.8 and 2.0 mg/lit, and a river shouldn\u27t have more phosphates than 0.1 mg/L. Over these limits, phosphorus can be quite hazardous

A Novel Approach for Survivability of IEEE 802.11 WLAN Against Access Point Failure

In the last decade, wireless networks have become increasingly popular as powerful and cost-effective platforms for mobile communications. Unfortunately, current wireless networks are notoriously prone to a number of problems, such as the loss of link-level connectivity due to user mobility and/or infrastructural failures, which makes it difficult to guarantee their reliability. Today’s users are mostly satisfied with the ability to access wired networks/resources conveniently from mobile stations, even if the access is unreliable. However, as wireless networks become more ubiquitous and start to support more critical applications, users will expect wireless networks to provide the same guarantees of reliability as their wired counterpart are often able to ensure. Research is ongoing to extend the scope of services made available to mobile users to achieve the “anytime, anyplace, any form” communications vision. This vision is to provide voice, data, and multimedia services to users regardless of location, mobility pattern, or type of terminal used for access. In IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN, if an access-point fails, then, all the mobile stations connected to a wired network via the access-point may lose connectivity. In this thesis work, the problem of enhancing the survivability of IEEE 802.11 WLAN focusing on tolerating Access Point (AP) failures is addressed. In particular, focus on the problem of overcoming these APs failures working with reconfiguration of the remaining APs by changing parameters like the neighboring AP’s MAC address is done. This approach consists of two main phases: Design and Fault Response. In Design phase, we deal with quantifying, placement and setting up of APs according to both area coverage and performance criteria. In Fault Response phase we consider the reconfiguration of the active APs in order to deal with AP fault in the service area

Design and Evaluation of Online Fault Diagnosis Protocols forwireless Networks

Any node in a network, or a component of it may fail and show undesirable behavior due to physical defects, imperfections, or hardware and/or software related glitches. Presence of faulty hosts in the network affects the computational efficiency, and quality of service (QoS). This calls for the development of efficient fault diagnosis protocols to detect and handle faulty hosts. Fault diagnosis protocols designed for wired networks cannot directly be propagated to wireless networks, due to difference in characteristics, and requirements. This thesis work unravels system level fault diagnosis protocols for wireless networks, particularly for Mobile ad hoc Networks (MANETs), and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), considering faults based on their persistence (permanent, intermittent, and transient), and node mobility. Based on the comparisons of outcomes of the same tasks (comparison model ), a distributed diagnosis protocol has been proposed for static topology MANETs, where a node requires to respond to only one test request from its neighbors, that reduces the communication complexity of the diagnosis process. A novel approach to handle more intractable intermittent faults in dynamic topology MANETs is also discussed.Based on the spatial correlation of sensor measurements, a distributed fault diagnosis protocol is developed to classify the nodes to be fault-free, permanently faulty, or intermittently faulty, in WSNs. The nodes affected by transient faults are often considered fault-free, and should not be isolated from the network. Keeping this objective in mind, we have developed a diagnosis algorithm for WSNs to discriminate transient faults from intermittent and permanent faults. After each node finds the status of all 1-hop neighbors (local diagnostic view), these views are disseminated among the fault-free nodes to deduce the fault status of all nodes in the network (global diagnostic view). A spanning tree based dissemination strategy is adopted, instead of conventional flooding, to have less communication complexity. Analytically, the proposed protocols are shown to be correct, and complete. The protocols are implemented using INET-20111118 (for MANETs) and Castalia-3.2 (forWSNs) on OMNeT++ 4.2 platform. The obtained simulation results for accuracy and false alarm rate vouch the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed algorithms over existing landmark protocols

Effect of Cryogenic Treatment of Cemented Carbide Inserts on Properties & Performance Evaluation in Machining of Stainless Steel

In this research work, the influence of cryogenic treatment on different characteristics of ISO P30 grade cemented carbide insert was studied, followed by performance evaluation in dry turning of AISI 316 grade austenitic stainless steels using untreated and cryo treated carbide inserts. Microstructural characterisation and crystallographic orientation were studied with the help of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) respectively. Chemical composition of the untreated and cryo treated inserts were determined using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) through X-ray. Microhardness of the same specimens were evaluated using Vickers microhardness. The results indicated that cryo treatment resulted in formation of hard and wear resistant η phase carbides. At the same time, the concentration of binder phase i.e. cobalt on the top surface region increased. The turning tests were conducted at three different cutting speeds (100, 150, and 200 m/min.) while feed rate and depth of cut were kept constant at 0.2 mm/rev and 1 mm, respectively. The influences of cryogenic treatment were investigated on the average flank wear and chip characteristics. Both the worn parts of the cutting tools as well as the chips were also examined using optical microscopy and SEM. The results showed that cryogenic treatment significantly improved the average flank wear. The cryo treated demonstrated superior resistance to tool wear compared to its untreated counterpart in the entire range of cutting speeds. The chip thickness along with chip reduction coeffiecient was found to decrease for cryo treated insert compared to those for untreated insert during dry turning of AISI 316 grade austenitic stainless steel

ASSESSING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF FIRMS IN THE INDIAN MANUFACTURING SECTOR: AN INTER INDUSTRY ANALYSIS

This study measures the competitiveness of Indian manufacturing industries by covering 650 firms from 11 industries using the composite index approach. Firms are classified into two broad groups based on labor-capital intensity and ownership. The study found that capital-intensive industries are more competitive than labor-intensive industries. With regards to ownership of firms, the study finds that foreign-owned firms are more competitive than domestic firms. The study also divides the sample into two sub-periods based on India’s Competition Act 2002. The results reveal that competitiveness has slightly increased after the implementation of the Act

Prevalence, Isolation, Characterisation and Antibiogram Study of Pathogenic Escherichia coli from Different Poultry Farms of Odisha

From 182 birds of different farms of odisha suspected for colibacillosis 317 swab samples containing 51 air sacs, 39 lungs, 53 livers, 36 heart bloods, 45 pericardial fluids, 19 yolk sacs and 74 intestine samples were processed for isolation and identification of pathogenic E. coli. and subjected to detail bacteriological and biochemical examination in the laboratory and 105 E. coli isolates were isolated following standard procedures. The percentage of isolation of E. coli isolates in decreasing order was yolk sac (52.6%) and heart blood (38.4%) in 0-4 week birds. In older birds (4-7week) the highest percentage of isolation was from pericardial fluid (35.8%) followed by heart blood (33.4%). The present study showed that the frequency of occurrence of O9 strain is highest (16.7%) followed by O1, O33 & O51 (13.3%), O23 & O119 (10%), O103 & 79 (6.7%) and serotype O90 (3.3%). The antibiogram study reveals that, E. coli isolates found were highly resistant to some of the classical drugs like chlortetracycline (88.58%), streptomycin (85.72%), penicillin-G (82.86%), amikacin (82.86%), furazolidone (77.14%), ampicillin (74.29%), Tetracycline(74.29%), Amoxicillin (71.43%) and cotrimoxazole (71.43%), while isolates were highly sensitive to ceftriaxone and tazobactum (94.29%), ceftriaxone (91.43%), gentamicin (85.72%), chloromphenicol (82.67%), cephotaxime (77.14%), cefixime (74.29%) and ciprofloxacin (74.29%)

Nature inspired wet adhesive E-Skin patch for biosensing applications

Tree frogs are able to climb or stick to wet and rough surfaces. The hexagonal epithelial cells enclosed by profound passages which shield the surface of each toe pad and the array of nano-pillars on their surface are the main reason for their outstanding reversible adhesion in wet and rough environment. Inspired by the frog toe pad hexagonal hierarchical micro-pillars are developed by using Silicon rubber/ZrO2 nanocomposite. Due to the addition of oxide nanoparticles wettability properties of the rubber enhanced. The interlocking structures and hexagonal pattern helps to improve the capillary action and the sweat/water particles are drained easily, as a result surface adhesion increases. To design the hexagonal micro-pillars innovative laser engraving technique is adopted. The homogeneous distribution of nanoparticles and hierarchical hexagonal micro-patterns are confirmed through SEM analysis. This innovative design approach is helpful to design E-skin adhesive wearable devices for accurate monitoring of physiological signals.This work is supported by National Funds through the Portuguese Science Foundation (FCT) within project “FCT Reference No.: 030353 of IC&DT - AAC No. 02 / SAICT / 2017”, co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), through the Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization (COMPETE 2020), under Portugal 2020. Finally, this work was supported by FCT national funds, under the national support to R&D units grant, through the reference projects UIDB/04436/2020 and UIDP/04436/2020